The strange anomaly of the use of Jerusalem in both the singular and plural in the Gospels has baffled scholars. Explanations for this are that, since Jerusalem was a Hebrew word translated to Greek, it might have two forms. Another explanation could be that it is the result of writings compiled from different sources. None of these theories seem quite adequate. However, the theory that each is intended to describe a different place is a much better fit.
Here we are testing the consistency of the use of Jerusalem as representing two separate places: Jerusalem and Qumran.
If we suppose that Jesus' life was primarily in the barren desert community on the Dead Sea known as Qumran, it would explain the reason why there is no history of Jesus besides the Gospels.
Given that there were two places called Jerusalem, then it would be easy to transpose Qumran, being the true place of Jesus' ministry, crucifixion, and resurrection, into Jerusalem. Thus the greatest religious city of the world would become the place where Christianity began.
Ἰερουσαλὴμ Noun: Singular Feminine (Vocative, Dative, Genitive, Accusative, Nominative) Representing Jerusalem Matthew 23:37 Luke 2:25 Luke 2:38 Luke 2:41 Luke 2:43 Luke 2:45 Luke 4:9 Luke 5:17 Luke 6:17 Luke 9:31 Luke 9:51 Luke 9:53 Luke 10:30 Luke 13:4 Luke 13:33 Luke 13:34 Luke 13:34 Luke 17:11 Luke 18:31 Luke 19:11 Luke 21:20 Luke 21:24 Luke 23:28 Luke 24:13 Luke 24:18 Luke 24:33 Luke 24:47 Luke 24:52 Acts 1:8 Acts 1:12 Acts 1:12 Acts 1:19 Acts 2:5 Acts 2:14 Acts 4:16 Acts 4:5 Acts 5:16 Acts 5:28 Acts 6:7 Acts 8:26 Acts 8:27 Acts 9:13 Acts 9:2 Acts 9:21 Acts 9:26 Acts 9:28 Acts 10:39 Acts 11:2 Acts 11:22 Acts 12:25 Acts 13:27 Acts 13:31 Acts 15:2 Acts 15:4 Acts 20:22 Acts 21:11 Acts 21:12 Acts 21:13 Acts 21:31 Acts 22:5 Acts 22:17 Acts 22:18 Acts 23:11 Acts 24:11 Acts 25:3 Revelation 3:12 Revelation 21:2 Revelation 21:10 | ![]() Ἱεροσόλυμα Noun: Plural Neuter (Accusative, Nominative) Representing Qumran Matthew 2:1 Matthew 2:3 (Noun: Nominative Singular Feminine) Matthew 3:5 Matthew 5:35 Matthew 16:21 Matthew 20:17 Matthew 20:18 Matthew 21:1 Matthew 21:10 Mark 10:32 Mark 10:33 Mark 11:1 Mark 11:11 Mark 11:15 Mark 11:27 Mark 15:41 Luke 2:22 Luke 13:22 Luke 19:28 John 2:13 John 5:1 John 11:55 John 12:12 Acts 8:25 Acts 13:13 Acts 19:21 Acts 20:16 Acts 21:4 Acts 21:15 Acts 21:17 Acts 25:1 Acts 25:9 Acts 25:15 Acts 25:20 ![]() Ἱεροσολύμοις noun: Dative Plural Neuter Representing Qumran Luke 23:7 John 2:23 John 4:20 John 4:21 John 4:45 John 5:2 John 10:22 Acts 8:1 Acts 8:14 Acts 11:22 Acts 25:24 Acts 26:4 Acts 26:10 Acts 26:20 ![]() Ἱεροσολύμων Noun: Genitive Plural Neuter Representing Qumran Matthew 4:25 Matthew 15:1 Mark 3:8 Mark 3:22 Mark 7:1 John 1:19 John 11:18 Acts 1:4 Acts 11:27 Acts 25:7 Acts 28:17 |
Of these there is just one exception Matthew 2:3 where the
word form Jerusalem would normally be plural neuter (Qumran) except in
this case its adjective 'all' is singular feminine and this implies that
Jerusalem is also singular feminine (Jerusalem) even though it looks like
the plural neuter (Qumran) in Matthew 2:1. |
|
There is another noun meaning inhabitant of Jerusalem which is plural masculine: | ![]() Ἱεροσολυμῖται Noun: Nominative Plural Masculine meaning inhabitant of Qumran Mark 1:5 ![]() Ἱεροσολυμιτῶν Noun: Genitive Plural Masculine meaning inhabitant of Qumran John 5:25 |
On first glance it is interesting to see that John contains no Singular forms: for Jerusalem
,
but the Plural forms:



which is essentially saying that all events in the Book of John were located in Jerusalem (Qumran). This lends credibility to the supposition that the Gospel of John was written first, but added last after revision. It then would make sense that the other three Gospels decided that they needed a real Jerusalem and just conveniently made it singular.
The situation of Mark, Luke, Matthew, and Acts having two distinct forms for Jerusalem and from their distribution, with the plural form meaning Qumran being predominant, leads to the logical conclusion that two Jerusalems were intended. It cannot just be written off as artistic expression or carelessness.
In Revelation there is only the masculine form since it is talking about the "New Jerusalem".
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολυμῖται
Hierosolumitai
(Ἱεροσολυμίτης)
(Hierosolumitēs)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολυμιτῶν
Hierosolumitōn
(Ἱεροσολυμίτης)
(Hierosolumitēs)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
to Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσόλυμα
Hierosoluma
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (Qumran)
Ἱεροσολύμοις
Hierosolumois
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem
Ἱεροσολύμων
Hierosolumōn
(Ἱεροσόλυμα)
(Hierosoluma)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλήμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)
Jerusalem (city)
"Ierousalēm"
Ἰερουσαλὴμ
Ierousalēm
(Ἰερουσαλήμ)
(Ierousalēm)